Đề thi thử Tốt nghiệp Tiếng Anh 2025 trường THPT Hoàng Văn Thụ (Hà Nội) - Làm bài thi

1

Read the following advertisement/ announcement and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

## WANT TO BE A TOUR GUIDE?

Are you passionate about (1) ______ new places, meeting people from diverse backgrounds, and sharing fascinating stories? Apply today (2) ______ Nghe An Go.vn.com

Work part-time or full-time, and choose your own schedule

We provide (3) ______ to equip you with the knowledge and skills (4) ______ to excel as a tour guide. If you desire (5) ______ and meet people of different cultures. Don't wait! Start your (6) ______ as a Tour Guide now.

Email: ngheango@tour, gmail.com

Address: 103 Dong Son street, Vinh city, Nghe An province

(Adapted from AI – ChatGPT)

### Question 1.

A. searching B. seeking C. exploring D. creating

A. searching

B. seeking

C. exploring

D. creating

2

Read the following advertisement/ announcement and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

## WANT TO BE A TOUR GUIDE?

Are you passionate about (1) ______ new places, meeting people from diverse backgrounds, and sharing fascinating stories? Apply today (2) ______ Nghe An Go.vn.com

Work part-time or full-time, and choose your own schedule

We provide (3) ______ to equip you with the knowledge and skills (4) ______ to excel as a tour guide. If you desire (5) ______ and meet people of different cultures. Don't wait! Start your (6) ______ as a Tour Guide now.

Email: ngheango@tour, gmail.com

Address: 103 Dong Son street, Vinh city, Nghe An province

(Adapted from AI – ChatGPT)

### Question 2.

A. At B. on C. in D. with

A. At

B. on

C. in

D. with

3

Read the following advertisement/ announcement and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

## WANT TO BE A TOUR GUIDE?

Are you passionate about (1) ______ new places, meeting people from diverse backgrounds, and sharing fascinating stories? Apply today (2) ______ Nghe An Go.vn.com

Work part-time or full-time, and choose your own schedule

We provide (3) ______ to equip you with the knowledge and skills (4) ______ to excel as a tour guide. If you desire (5) ______ and meet people of different cultures. Don't wait! Start your (6) ______ as a Tour Guide now.

Email: ngheango@tour, gmail.com

Address: 103 Dong Son street, Vinh city, Nghe An province

(Adapted from AI – ChatGPT)

### Question 3.

A. comprehensive training courses B. courses training comprehensive C. training courses comprehensive D. courses comprehensive training

A. comprehensive training courses

B. courses training comprehensive

C. training courses comprehensive

D. courses comprehensive training

4

Read the following advertisement/ announcement and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

## WANT TO BE A TOUR GUIDE?

Are you passionate about (1) ______ new places, meeting people from diverse backgrounds, and sharing fascinating stories? Apply today (2) ______ Nghe An Go.vn.com

Work part-time or full-time, and choose your own schedule

We provide (3) ______ to equip you with the knowledge and skills (4) ______ to excel as a tour guide. If you desire (5) ______ and meet people of different cultures. Don't wait! Start your (6) ______ as a Tour Guide now.

Email: ngheango@tour, gmail.com

Address: 103 Dong Son street, Vinh city, Nghe An province

(Adapted from AI – ChatGPT)

### Question 4.

A. which they needed B. needed C. need D. needing

A. which they needed

B. needed

C. need

D. needing

5

Read the following advertisement/ announcement and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

## WANT TO BE A TOUR GUIDE?

Are you passionate about (1) ______ new places, meeting people from diverse backgrounds, and sharing fascinating stories? Apply today (2) ______ Nghe An Go.vn.com

Work part-time or full-time, and choose your own schedule

We provide (3) ______ to equip you with the knowledge and skills (4) ______ to excel as a tour guide. If you desire (5) ______ and meet people of different cultures. Don't wait! Start your (6) ______ as a Tour Guide now.

Email: ngheango@tour, gmail.com

Address: 103 Dong Son street, Vinh city, Nghe An province

(Adapted from AI – ChatGPT)

### Question 5.

A. to travelling B. to travel C. travel D. travelling

A. to travelling

B. to travel

C. travel

D. travelling

6

Read the following advertisement/ announcement and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fit each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

## WANT TO BE A TOUR GUIDE?

Are you passionate about (1) ______ new places, meeting people from diverse backgrounds, and sharing fascinating stories? Apply today (2) ______ Nghe An Go.vn.com

Work part-time or full-time, and choose your own schedule

We provide (3) ______ to equip you with the knowledge and skills (4) ______ to excel as a tour guide. If you desire (5) ______ and meet people of different cultures. Don't wait! Start your (6) ______ as a Tour Guide now.

Email: ngheango@tour, gmail.com

Address: 103 Dong Son street, Vinh city, Nghe An province

(Adapted from AI – ChatGPT)

### Question 6.

A. adventurous B. adventure C. advent D. adventurously

A. adventurous

B. adventure

C. advent

D. adventurously

7

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

## GET READY TO KICK OFF THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR WITH A BANG!

We're thrilled to announce our annual School Welcome Part, and you are invited to join in the fun at The Mall at UTC's Annual Back to School Bash, presented by Florida Blue on Saturday, August 3rd from 10 am - 2 pm for a day of fun and (7) for the school year as we bring the best resources for families in the Sarasota, Bradenton, Lakewood Ranch area together to make sure your kids are (8) for a successful year of education and growth.

You'll have the chance to meet with (9) experts such as healthcare providers, pediatricians, optometrists, and tutors. (10) that's not all! Kids will enjoy meeting & greetings with their favorite characters, live entertainment, face painting, an interactive scavenger hunt for free school supplies, and (11) kids' activities.

Local businesses from Sarasota and surrounding communities are (12) to sign up and join the fun as an exhibitor.

Please call 727- 674- 1464 or email kevin@floridapenguinproductions.com to get your business involved today! School supply donations are also welcomed!

(Adapted from https://mallatutc.com/pages/backtoschool)

## Question 7.

A. conversation

B. preparation

C. encouragement

D. accomplishment

8

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

## GET READY TO KICK OFF THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR WITH A BANG!

We're thrilled to announce our annual School Welcome Part, and you are invited to join in the fun at The Mall at UTC's Annual Back to School Bash, presented by Florida Blue on Saturday, August 3rd from 10 am - 2 pm for a day of fun and (7) for the school year as we bring the best resources for families in the Sarasota, Bradenton, Lakewood Ranch area together to make sure your kids are (8) for a successful year of education and growth.

You'll have the chance to meet with (9) experts such as healthcare providers, pediatricians, optometrists, and tutors. (10) that's not all! Kids will enjoy meeting & greetings with their favorite characters, live entertainment, face painting, an interactive scavenger hunt for free school supplies, and (11) kids' activities.

Local businesses from Sarasota and surrounding communities are (12) to sign up and join the fun as an exhibitor.

Please call 727- 674- 1464 or email kevin@floridapenguinproductions.com to get your business involved today! School supply donations are also welcomed!

(Adapted from https://mallatutc.com/pages/backtoschool)

## Question 8.

A. set up

B. put off

C. give up

D. take off

9

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

## GET READY TO KICK OFF THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR WITH A BANG!

We're thrilled to announce our annual School Welcome Part, and you are invited to join in the fun at The Mall at UTC's Annual Back to School Bash, presented by Florida Blue on Saturday, August 3rd from 10 am - 2 pm for a day of fun and (7) for the school year as we bring the best resources for families in the Sarasota, Bradenton, Lakewood Ranch area together to make sure your kids are (8) for a successful year of education and growth.

You'll have the chance to meet with (9) experts such as healthcare providers, pediatricians, optometrists, and tutors. (10) that's not all! Kids will enjoy meeting & greetings with their favorite characters, live entertainment, face painting, an interactive scavenger hunt for free school supplies, and (11) kids' activities.

Local businesses from Sarasota and surrounding communities are (12) to sign up and join the fun as an exhibitor.

Please call 727- 674- 1464 or email kevin@floridapenguinproductions.com to get your business involved today! School supply donations are also welcomed!

(Adapted from https://mallatutc.com/pages/backtoschool)

## Question 9.

A. much

B. few

C. little

D. many

10

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

## GET READY TO KICK OFF THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR WITH A BANG!

We're thrilled to announce our annual School Welcome Part, and you are invited to join in the fun at The Mall at UTC's Annual Back to School Bash, presented by Florida Blue on Saturday, August 3rd from 10 am - 2 pm for a day of fun and (7) for the school year as we bring the best resources for families in the Sarasota, Bradenton, Lakewood Ranch area together to make sure your kids are (8) for a successful year of education and growth.

You'll have the chance to meet with (9) experts such as healthcare providers, pediatricians, optometrists, and tutors. (10) that's not all! Kids will enjoy meeting & greetings with their favorite characters, live entertainment, face painting, an interactive scavenger hunt for free school supplies, and (11) kids' activities.

Local businesses from Sarasota and surrounding communities are (12) to sign up and join the fun as an exhibitor.

Please call 727- 674- 1464 or email kevin@floridapenguinproductions.com to get your business involved today! School supply donations are also welcomed!

(Adapted from https://mallatutc.com/pages/backtoschool)

## Question 10.

A. In spite of

B. In addition

C. Instead of

D. In view of

11

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

## GET READY TO KICK OFF THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR WITH A BANG!

We're thrilled to announce our annual School Welcome Part, and you are invited to join in the fun at The Mall at UTC's Annual Back to School Bash, presented by Florida Blue on Saturday, August 3rd from 10 am - 2 pm for a day of fun and (7) for the school year as we bring the best resources for families in the Sarasota, Bradenton, Lakewood Ranch area together to make sure your kids are (8) for a successful year of education and growth.

You'll have the chance to meet with (9) experts such as healthcare providers, pediatricians, optometrists, and tutors. (10) that's not all! Kids will enjoy meeting & greetings with their favorite characters, live entertainment, face painting, an interactive scavenger hunt for free school supplies, and (11) kids' activities.

Local businesses from Sarasota and surrounding communities are (12) to sign up and join the fun as an exhibitor.

Please call 727- 674- 1464 or email kevin@floridapenguinproductions.com to get your business involved today! School supply donations are also welcomed!

(Adapted from https://mallatutc.com/pages/backtoschool)

## Question 11.

A. others

B. other

C. the others

D. another

12

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.

## GET READY TO KICK OFF THE NEW SCHOOL YEAR WITH A BANG!

We're thrilled to announce our annual School Welcome Part, and you are invited to join in the fun at The Mall at UTC's Annual Back to School Bash, presented by Florida Blue on Saturday, August 3rd from 10 am - 2 pm for a day of fun and (7) for the school year as we bring the best resources for families in the Sarasota, Bradenton, Lakewood Ranch area together to make sure your kids are (8) for a successful year of education and growth.

You'll have the chance to meet with (9) experts such as healthcare providers, pediatricians, optometrists, and tutors. (10) that's not all! Kids will enjoy meeting & greetings with their favorite characters, live entertainment, face painting, an interactive scavenger hunt for free school supplies, and (11) kids' activities.

Local businesses from Sarasota and surrounding communities are (12) to sign up and join the fun as an exhibitor.

Please call 727- 674- 1464 or email kevin@floridapenguinproductions.com to get your business involved today! School supply donations are also welcomed!

(Adapted from https://mallatutc.com/pages/backtoschool)

## Question 12.

A. increased

B. encouraged

C. supported

D. strengthened

13

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

## Question 13.

a. Jim: Hmm... We should make people ride bicycles.
b. Peter: Good idea! And we shouldn't let them drive cars.
c. Peter: Hi, Jim. How can we reduce air pollution in our city?

(Adapted from I learn smart world 12)

A. a-b-c

B. c-a-b

C. c-b-a

D. b-c-a

14

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

## Question 14.

a. Alice: People can be anonymous online and say bad things.
b. Alice: I couldn't agree with you more.
c. Susan: I think there's more cyberbullying than before.
d. Susan: Why do you think that?
e. Alice: What impact has social media had on people's lives?

(Adapted from I learn smart world 12)

A. d-c-a-b-e

B. e-a-d-c-b

C. e-c-b-d-a

D. b-c-e-a-d

15

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

## Question 15.

a. I came back to Bangkok but I still remember your school spring fair.
b. Dear Xuan,
c. Thank you for having invited me to the fair. I'll never forget the event in my life.
d. I liked the songs and games, but the dish called "Cha Gio" made a deep impression on me.
e. I am now staying on a farm to help my uncle collect grapes.

A. a-b-e-d-c

B. b-e-a-c-d

C. b-e-a-d-c

D. a-c-e-d-b

16

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

## Question 16.

a. More than 300 students attended the fair and enjoyed Vietnamese dishes, songs and games.
b. In my view, the day was a great success. All the attendees felt happy.
c. There were 30 stalls where various activities were offered.
d. Yesterday, our school organized the Spring Fair in the playground.
e. However, it would be better if we could make Banh Chung during the night.

A. d-a-c-b-e

B. d-b-a-c-e

C. b-d-a-e-c

D. b-c-d-e-a

17

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

## Question 17.

a. Lifelong learning also helps your social life. You will likely become more confident in yourself, which can lead to greater satisfaction and happiness.
b. Overall, lifelong learning is an important part of personal and professional development.

c. Another benefit is personal development, like taking a yoga class or learning how to cook a new dish you like. Lifelong learning can help you find new passions and hobbies.

d. "Lifelong learning" means continuing to acquire new knowledge and skills throughout your life.

e. First of all, lifelong learning can offer benefits for your professional development. It will also help you be more competitive in the job market.

A. d-e-c-a-b

B. c-d-e-a-b

C. d-b-e-c-a

D. a-d-b-e-c

18

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Regular participation in sports offers numerous advantages to individuals of all ages. Firstly, it promotes physical fitness and overall health. (18) , flexibility, and endurance. (19) and related health issues such as diabetes and heart disease.

Secondly, sports play a vital role in enhancing mental well- being. When individuals participate in sports, their bodies release endorphins, which are chemicals (20) Furthermore, being part of a team or engaging in (21) of camaraderie and self- confidence.

In summary, participation in sports is not just about physical activity; (22) It promotes physical fitness, enhances mental well- being, and teaches valuable life skills.

## Question 18.

A. Engaging in sports activities helps to develop strength

B. When engaging in sports activities helps to develop strength

C. When we engaging in sports activities helps to develop strength

D. If engaging in sports activities helps to develop strength

19

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Regular participation in sports offers numerous advantages to individuals of all ages. Firstly, it promotes physical fitness and overall health. (18) , flexibility, and endurance. (19) and related health issues such as diabetes and heart disease.

Secondly, sports play a vital role in enhancing mental well- being. When individuals participate in sports, their bodies release endorphins, which are chemicals (20) Furthermore, being part of a team or engaging in (21) of camaraderie and self- confidence.

In summary, participation in sports is not just about physical activity; (22) It promotes physical fitness, enhances mental well- being, and teaches valuable life skills.

## Question 19.

A. It additionally reduces the risk of obesity

B. In addition to, it reduces the risk of obesity

C. Additionally, it reduces the risk of obesity

D. It reduces the risk of obesity, additionally

20

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Regular participation in sports offers numerous advantages to individuals of all ages. Firstly, it promotes physical fitness and overall health. (18) , flexibility, and endurance. (19) and related health issues such as diabetes and heart disease.

Secondly, sports play a vital role in enhancing mental well- being. When individuals participate in sports, their bodies release endorphins, which are chemicals (20) Furthermore, being part of a team or engaging in (21) of camaraderie and self- confidence.

In summary, participation in sports is not just about physical activity; (22) It promotes physical fitness, enhances mental well- being, and teaches valuable life skills.

## Question 20.

A. they help to reduce stress and improve mood

B. helps to reduce stress and improve mood

C. help to reduce stress and improve mood

D. that help to reduce stress and improve mood

21

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Regular participation in sports offers numerous advantages to individuals of all ages. Firstly, it promotes physical fitness and overall health. (18) , flexibility, and endurance. (19) and related health issues such as diabetes and heart disease.

Secondly, sports play a vital role in enhancing mental well- being. When individuals participate in sports, their bodies release endorphins, which are chemicals (20) Furthermore, being part of a team or engaging in (21) of camaraderie and self- confidence.

In summary, participation in sports is not just about physical activity; (22) It promotes physical fitness, enhances mental well- being, and teaches valuable life skills.

## Question 21.

A. individual sports fosters a sense

B. sports individual fosters a sense

C. individual sports a sense is fostered

D. individual sports foster a sense

22

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Regular participation in sports offers numerous advantages to individuals of all ages. Firstly, it promotes physical fitness and overall health. (18) , flexibility, and endurance. (19) and related health issues such as diabetes and heart disease.

Secondly, sports play a vital role in enhancing mental well- being. When individuals participate in sports, their bodies release endorphins, which are chemicals (20) Furthermore, being part of a team or engaging in (21) of camaraderie and self- confidence.

In summary, participation in sports is not just about physical activity; (22) It promotes physical fitness, enhances mental well- being, and teaches valuable life skills.

## Question 22.

A. it provides numerous benefits for both the body and mind

B. it provides for both the body and mind numerous benefits

C. numerous benefits are provided for both the body and mind

D. both the body and mind are provided numerous benefits

23

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

More and more young people are choosing to take a gap year between finishing school and starting university. Alternatively, they may decide to take a gap year between graduating from university and starting a career, feeling the need for some time out before joining the rat race. Most students see the time as an opportunity to travel. The idea of travelling to as many foreign places as possible appeals greatly.

A large percentage of gap-year students have wealthy parents who can easily subsidize their travel. Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling. For example, they may work on local farms or in local hotels. By doing so, they not only earn some money, but they are likely to meet local people and acquire some understanding of their culture.

There are some students who choose to work for the whole of their gap year. A number may decide to get work experience, either at home or abroad, in an area which they hope to make their career, such as medicine or computers. A large proportion of students are now choosing to work with a charity which arranges voluntary work in various parts of the world. The projects provide hands-on experience of a very varied nature, from teaching to helping build roads or dams.

The gap year is not just an adventure. Young people can benefit greatly from encountering new and varied experiences and from communication with a wide range of people. Perhaps most importantly, gap-year students have to learn to stand on their own two feet.

(Adapted from Thematic Vocabulary and Comprehension 1, Betty Kirkpatrick, Learners Publishing, 2005)

Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a field of career for gap- year students?

A. medicine

B. computers

C. teaching

D. farming

24

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

More and more young people are choosing to take a gap year between finishing school and starting university. Alternatively, they may decide to take a gap year between graduating from university and starting a career, feeling the need for some time out before joining the rat race. Most students see the time as an opportunity to travel. The idea of travelling to as many foreign places as possible appeals greatly.

A large percentage of gap-year students have wealthy parents who can easily subsidize their travel. Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling. For example, they may work on local farms or in local hotels. By doing so, they not only earn some money, but they are likely to meet local people and acquire some understanding of their culture.

There are some students who choose to work for the whole of their gap year. A number may decide to get work experience, either at home or abroad, in an area which they hope to make their career, such as medicine or computers. A large proportion of students are now choosing to work with a charity which arranges voluntary work in various parts of the world. The projects provide hands-on experience of a very varied nature, from teaching to helping build roads or dams.

The gap year is not just an adventure. Young people can benefit greatly from encountering new and varied experiences and from communication with a wide range of people. Perhaps most importantly, gap-year students have to learn to stand on their own two feet.

(Adapted from Thematic Vocabulary and Comprehension 1, Betty Kirkpatrick, Learners Publishing, 2005)

Question 24. The word "benefit" in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to

A. harm

B. help

C. promote

D. profit

25

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

More and more young people are choosing to take a gap year between finishing school and starting university. Alternatively, they may decide to take a gap year between graduating from university and starting a career, feeling the need for some time out before joining the rat race. Most students see the time as an opportunity to travel. The idea of travelling to as many foreign places as possible appeals greatly.

A large percentage of gap-year students have wealthy parents who can easily subsidize their travel. Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling. For example, they may work on local farms or in local hotels. By doing so, they not only earn some money, but they are likely to meet local people and acquire some understanding of their culture.

There are some students who choose to work for the whole of their gap year. A number may decide to get work experience, either at home or abroad, in an area which they hope to make their career, such as medicine or computers. A large proportion of students are now choosing to work with a charity which arranges voluntary work in various parts of the world. The projects provide hands-on experience of a very varied nature, from teaching to helping build roads or dams.

The gap year is not just an adventure. Young people can benefit greatly from encountering new and varied experiences and from communication with a wide range of people. Perhaps most importantly, gap-year students have to learn to stand on their own two feet.

(Adapted from Thematic Vocabulary and Comprehension 1, Betty Kirkpatrick, Learners Publishing, 2005)

Question 25. The word "their" in paragraph 2 refers to

A. wealthy parents'

B. gap-year students'

C. others'

D. local people's

26

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

More and more young people are choosing to take a gap year between finishing school and starting university. Alternatively, they may decide to take a gap year between graduating from university and starting a career, feeling the need for some time out before joining the rat race. Most students see the time as an opportunity to travel. The idea of travelling to as many foreign places as possible appeals greatly.

A large percentage of gap-year students have wealthy parents who can easily subsidize their travel. Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling. For example, they may work on local farms or in local hotels. By doing so, they not only earn some money, but they are likely to meet local people and acquire some understanding of their culture.

There are some students who choose to work for the whole of their gap year. A number may decide to get work experience, either at home or abroad, in an area which they hope to make their career, such as medicine or computers. A large proportion of students are now choosing to work with a charity which arranges voluntary work in various parts of the world. The projects provide hands-on experience of a very varied nature, from teaching to helping build roads or dams.

The gap year is not just an adventure. Young people can benefit greatly from encountering new and varied experiences and from communication with a wide range of people. Perhaps most importantly, gap-year students have to learn to stand on their own two feet.

(Adapted from Thematic Vocabulary and Comprehension 1, Betty Kirkpatrick, Learners Publishing, 2005)

Question 26. The word hands-on in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by

A. detailed

B. theoretical

C. practical

D. challenging

27

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

More and more young people are choosing to take a gap year between finishing school and starting university. Alternatively, they may decide to take a gap year between graduating from university and starting a career, feeling the need for some time out before joining the rat race. Most students see the time as an opportunity to travel. The idea of travelling to as many foreign places as possible appeals greatly.

A large percentage of gap-year students have wealthy parents who can easily subsidize their travel. Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling. For example, they may work on local farms or in local hotels. By doing so, they not only earn some money, but they are likely to meet local people and acquire some understanding of their culture.

There are some students who choose to work for the whole of their gap year. A number may decide to get work experience, either at home or abroad, in an area which they hope to make their career, such as medicine or computers. A large proportion of students are now choosing to work with a charity which arranges voluntary work in various parts of the world. The projects provide hands-on experience of a very varied nature, from teaching to helping build roads or dams.

The gap year is not just an adventure. Young people can benefit greatly from encountering new and varied experiences and from communication with a wide range of people. Perhaps most importantly, gap-year students have to learn to stand on their own two feet.

(Adapted from Thematic Vocabulary and Comprehension 1, Betty Kirkpatrick, Learners Publishing, 2005)

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?

Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling.

A. Gap-year students receive practical training for their future careers

B. Gap-year students must do some jobs to earn money for their travel

C. Gap-year students have an opportunity to travel and meet local people

D. Gap-year students earn money to support their family

28

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

More and more young people are choosing to take a gap year between finishing school and starting university. Alternatively, they may decide to take a gap year between graduating from university and starting a career, feeling the need for some time out before joining the rat race. Most students see the time as an opportunity to travel. The idea of travelling to as many foreign places as possible appeals greatly.

A large percentage of gap-year students have wealthy parents who can easily subsidize their travel. Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling. For example, they may work on local farms or in local hotels. By doing so, they not only earn some money, but they are likely to meet local people and acquire some understanding of their culture.

There are some students who choose to work for the whole of their gap year. A number may decide to get work experience, either at home or abroad, in an area which they hope to make their career, such as medicine or computers. A large proportion of students are now choosing to work with a charity which arranges voluntary work in various parts of the world. The projects provide hands-on experience of a very varied nature, from teaching to helping build roads or dams.

The gap year is not just an adventure. Young people can benefit greatly from encountering new and varied experiences and from communication with a wide range of people. Perhaps most importantly, gap-year students have to learn to stand on their own two feet.

(Adapted from Thematic Vocabulary and Comprehension 1, Betty Kirkpatrick, Learners Publishing, 2005)

Question 28. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. The number of students taking a gap year between high school and university is falling

B. Students can take a gap year only before starting university

C. None of the students choose to work for the whole of their gap year to get experience

D. Most students consider a gap year as a chance to travel

29

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

More and more young people are choosing to take a gap year between finishing school and starting university. Alternatively, they may decide to take a gap year between graduating from university and starting a career, feeling the need for some time out before joining the rat race. Most students see the time as an opportunity to travel. The idea of travelling to as many foreign places as possible appeals greatly.

A large percentage of gap-year students have wealthy parents who can easily subsidize their travel. Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling. For example, they may work on local farms or in local hotels. By doing so, they not only earn some money, but they are likely to meet local people and acquire some understanding of their culture.

There are some students who choose to work for the whole of their gap year. A number may decide to get work experience, either at home or abroad, in an area which they hope to make their career, such as medicine or computers. A large proportion of students are now choosing to work with a charity which arranges voluntary work in various parts of the world. The projects provide hands-on experience of a very varied nature, from teaching to helping build roads or dams.

The gap year is not just an adventure. Young people can benefit greatly from encountering new and varied experiences and from communication with a wide range of people. Perhaps most importantly, gap-year students have to learn to stand on their own two feet.

(Adapted from Thematic Vocabulary and Comprehension 1, Betty Kirkpatrick, Learners Publishing, 2005)

Question 29. In which paragraph does the writer discuss the work experience of gap-year students?

A. Paragraph 1

B. Paragraph 2

C. Paragraph 3

D. Paragraph 4

30

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

More and more young people are choosing to take a gap year between finishing school and starting university. Alternatively, they may decide to take a gap year between graduating from university and starting a career, feeling the need for some time out before joining the rat race. Most students see the time as an opportunity to travel. The idea of travelling to as many foreign places as possible appeals greatly.

A large percentage of gap-year students have wealthy parents who can easily subsidize their travel. Others have to save up before they go, or look for some form of employment while travelling. For example, they may work on local farms or in local hotels. By doing so, they not only earn some money, but they are likely to meet local people and acquire some understanding of their culture.

There are some students who choose to work for the whole of their gap year. A number may decide to get work experience, either at home or abroad, in an area which they hope to make their career, such as medicine or computers. A large proportion of students are now choosing to work with a charity which arranges voluntary work in various parts of the world. The projects provide hands-on experience of a very varied nature, from teaching to helping build roads or dams.

The gap year is not just an adventure. Young people can benefit greatly from encountering new and varied experiences and from communication with a wide range of people. Perhaps most importantly, gap-year students have to learn to stand on their own two feet.

(Adapted from Thematic Vocabulary and Comprehension 1, Betty Kirkpatrick, Learners Publishing, 2005)

Question 30. In which paragraph does the writer mention the benefits of gap year trip?

A. Paragraph 1

B. Paragraph 2

C. Paragraph 3

D. Paragraph 4

31

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 31. Where in paragraph 2 does the following sentence best fit?

Others have claimed to be suffering mental illness or have put on so much weight that they are above the maximum limit for recruits.

A. (I)

B. (II)

C. (III)

D. (IV)

32

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 32. The word engineered in the final paragraph can be best replaced by

A. determined

B. decided

C. designed

D. defined

33

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 33. The word which in paragraph 2 refers to

A. birth rate

B. service

C. technology

D. nation

34

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as mimicking the movements and capabilities of military robots?

A. birds

B. marine creatures

C. insects

D. rabbits

35

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 35. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?

A. South Korea is developing the best military robots

B. Military robots can assist in military operations and natural disasters

C. Military robots are the most advanced artificial intelligence in the world

D. Robots are designed based on real creatures

36

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 36. The word constricted in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A. narrow

B. massive

C. tiny

D. shallow

37

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 37. Based on paragraph 3, which of the following is TRUE about the use of "biobots" in the future?

A. Only snake robots are useful in areas affected by natural disasters

B. Swimming robots must always be deployed along with flying ones

C. Birdlike androids will only assist in reconnaissance operations

D. Small flying robots can be used to gather information about enemy forces

38

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

## Question 38.

Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?

South Korea is developing next- generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future.

A. Modern military robots are created by South Korea can imitate the actions and characteristics of animals for future battlefields

B. South Korea are created military robots which can imitate the actions and characteristics of animals for future battlefields

C. Modern military robots will battle with birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects in South Korea battlefields

D. The actions and characteristics of animals will mimic modern military robots of South Korea for future battlefields

39

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 39. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Military robots have been widely used by the South Korean army in various missions

B. Future "biobots" will only be based on flying and swimming creatures

C. The South Korean army may collaborate with other technology companies in the country

D. The majority of Korean men does not want to join the army because of religious reason

40

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

South Korea is developing next-generation military robots that will mimic the movements and capabilities of birds, snakes, marine creatures and even insects on the battlefields of the future. The Defence Acquisition Programme Administration (DAPA), which oversees the creation of weapons systems for the military, announced plans to develop "biobots" - robots that are based on real creatures - to be deployed as early as 2024, Yonhap News reported.

(I) There is a recognition that the South Korean military will very soon need to rely more heavily on technology to defend the nation, with a falling birthrate meaning that fewer young men are available to do their mandatory national service, which ranges from 21 months in the army to 24 months in the air force. (II) In addition, there is growing resistance among many men to obligatory military service and the South Korean government has recently made it easier for some to avoid serving, such as by claiming that it contravenes their religious beliefs. (III) Another "trick" that exempts a man from military service is tattoos that cover most of his body. (IV)

In the initial stages, bird-like androids or swimming robots will be deployed to carry out reconnaissance operations, miniature mechanical flying devices will be able to provide information on the actions of an enemy force and robots that can move like a snake will be able to access constricted spaces. As well as assisting in military operations, these devices will be able to assist in search-and-rescue operations and will have applications in areas affected by natural disasters. The agency said it is turning to designs that have been inspired by the natural world because nature has engineered animals to survive and thrive in their environments over millions of years. The South Korean military plans to work closely with domestic technology companies, which are widely seen as among the most advanced in the world in the areas of artificial intelligence, but have less of a focus on military applications.

(Adapted from https://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Measures taken by the South Korean army to increase the country's birth rate

B. The development of animal-based robots for military purposes in South Korea

C. New technology being used in rescue operations in areas affected by disasters

D. Reasons why real animals are perfect models for military robots in Korea